by Donald Dewey

Writer/director Lasse Hallström finds American success with his European rhythm

Ever since Anna Q. Nilsson starred in the 1911 production of Molly Pitcher, there has been some kind of Scandinavian presence in American films. The most conspicuous representation has been among actors, specifically Swedish performers; three of them-Greta Garbo, Ingrid Bergman, and Max von Sydow-- have in fact picked up from one another to describe the full arc of the Hollywood sound film. But not even that longevity ever excused them from the first obligation of European screen performers working in the United States-playing the exotic non-American. At best, von Sydow has gotten away a few times portraying a meta-ethnic; i.e, an alien from another planet or Satan. Little about the history of Scandinavians in Hollywood could have predicted Hallström. For one thing, the 57-year-old Stockholm native has, at least until recently, rarely shown an interest in any form other than comedy. And, except for Chocolat, he most often sought his material in novels of an American pedigree, never feeling restricted by Hollywood’s cultural barriers. In fact, apart from the nationality of the director, there is nothing immediately “European” about films such as Once Around, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, Something to Talk About, The Cider House Rules or The Shipping News.

And that, together with the B-features and TV series episodes directed by Alf Kjellin in the 1950s and 1960s and the splatter pictures turned out in recent years by Finland's Renny Harlem has been almost the whole story of Scandinavian directing within the U.S. movie industry. Except for Lasse Hallstrom.

Little about the history of Scandinavians in Hollywood predicted Hallstrom. For one thing, the 56-year-old Stockholm native has rarely shown interest in any form other than comedy. Not for him Lillian Gish battling dust bowl storms and rapists, let alone Ingmar Bergman characters tussling with the and choices posed by a tormented soul. Equally striking, he has, except for Chocolat, usually sought his amusement material in novels of an American pedigree, not at all feeling restricted by the cultural barriers Hollywood had once erected as an assumption. Put another way, outside the nationality of the director, there is nothing immediately European about such films as Once Around, What's Eating Gilbert Grape, Something to Talk About, The Cider House Rules, and The Shipping News. About the only thing more eclectic than his source material has been his casts-a melange of screen venerables (Robert Duvall, Michael Caine, Gena Rowlands), bankable stars (Julia Roberts, Leonardo DiCaprio), flavors of the year (Tobey Maguire, Charlize Theron, Cate Blanchett), celebrated risk takers (Kevin Spacey, Johnny Depp), and European professionalism (wife Lena Olin, Dame Judi Dench, Juliette Binoche).

As Hallström is the first to admit, all this is a long way from his maiden film making adventures in the 1970s, when he was identified with a documentary feature on ABBA, then with the Swedish group's music videos. What brought him his first serious attention as a film maker, however, was his 1985 adaptation of Reidar Jonsson's autobiographical novel My Life as a Dog - saluted by both European and American critics as a persuasive look at the seriocomic struggles of a 12-year-old boy. That character too had to deal with adaptation issues.

Donald Dewey: In a way, your career in the United States has contradicted that of earlier Scandinavians in your apparent ease with American subjects.

Lasse: It’s not just good for the exotic?

Donald D: Exactly. And I guess I'm wondering how much do you think you’ve been helped in this by an increasing cultural anonymity where, thanks to all kinds of social and economic forces, cultural distinctions aren’t quite as sharp as they were, say, in Garbo’s day.

Lasse: Very much so—for good or bad. And I don’t think it’s just me being able to direct with relative ease in America. I think it’s also a question of what American audiences will now accept. They have gotten used to the rhythms of European filmmakers. I myself find it increasingly difficult to define what an “American movie” is as opposed to what a “European movie” is. The range has gotten so wide from both sides that they have all but merged into one another.

Donald D: Since when, would you say? Some people trace it especially to the 1960s, when Sergio Leone was making his spaghetti westerns and even in France you had a picture like The Sicilian Clan - a Hollywood film in absolutely everything except the fact that it was completely French, with Jean Gabin and Alain Delon.

Lasse: That’s certainly the period I would lean toward. For example, Bonnie and Clyde had an enormous influence across Europe. It wasn’t just the violence; it was the rhythms that [Arthur] Penn had in that picture.

Donald D: What about from the other direction, in American receptivity to European moviemakers?

Lasse: Well, the one that seems to me to express the problem best was Milos Forman's Taking Off. I was shocked to hear that it was not much of a success when it was released in America [in 1971]. It was the perfect example to me of a European-paced picture, and I think if it had been released a couple of years later, it would have been an enormous hit. Because by then American audiences would have been used to, say, the movies of Woody Allen.

Donald D: You’re talking about the drollness of Taking Off?

Lasse: Drollness. Subtlety. It just came out a little bit too early. But for sure the greater sophistication of American audiences since then- and by that I mean their exposure to European rhythms of filmmaking- has made it much easier for me working in the States.

Donald D:: I gather your father was your very first influence as a filmmaker.

Lasse: Very much so. He was a dentist, but he spent every spare hour making films. When we had any kind of social event at home, the centerpiece was almost always projecting his latest film. That was our idea of evening entertainment much more than television.

Donald D: What kind of films were they?

Lasse: Real documentaries. They weren't just family album kinds of things. He won many prizes for his film work. He had always wanted to be a filmmaker, but he was persuaded by his family that he had to make a "serious" living, so that's why he went into dentistry. And the other thing was, when he wasn't showing us his work, he would project a Chaplin comedy or something of the kind. It was really a thorough education beginning at a very young age.

Donald D: Was there ever a moment as a kid when, instead of saying to yourself ‘I would like to be a filmmaker,’ you said ‘I have to make films’?

Lasse: No, I don’t think so. You see, the equipment was always there. [It’s] odd when you think about it, I suppose, but practically everybody seemed to assume I would make movies the way other families think their son is going to be a lawyer or a doctor. I don’t mean my father was aggressive about it, just subtle hints of encouragement all the time. I think he was always frustrated that he didn’t go against his own parents’ wishes and become a full-time filmmaker himself. It was his passion.

Donald D: How much of your stuff did he see?

Lasse: Up through Gilbert Grape, I think. He didn't disown me [laughs]. But yes, to go back to the original question, my father and Chaplin were the first two great influences.

Donald D: Were there any specific films aside from Chaplin's that you remember seeing and going, "Oh, yeah! Now there's something I can learn from!"?

Lasse: Very much so. Maybe most of all, the pictures of John Cassavetes-- Shadows, Minnie and Moskowitz, A Woman Under the Influence. Then there was Milos Forman, especially with Loves of a Blonde and The Firemen's Ball.

Donald D: They're not exactly filmmakers you would think of as twins.

Lasse: No, but only because most people don't think of Cassavetes's movies as comedies essentially, and I always have. To me those two directors share a documentary approach to comedy. Something like Minnie and Moskowitz never pushes, never distracts you with some fancy stylization. It's simply there observing reality. Woody Allen, especially in his earlier work, falls into that category, too. You have these characters, now sit back and watch them without forcing the issue.

Donald D: And character is all?

Lasse: Absolutely. I’ve never been all that interested in plots. For a project to interest me, it has to be character-driven.

Donald D: When we talk about Cassavetes and Allen, though, we're talking about filmmakers who generally worked with original screenplays. You, on the other hand, seem to have found these character-driven projects mostly in novels. Are you saying that original screenplays aren't what they used to be?

Lasse: I think that's just a coincidence of the last few years. Once Around, my first film in America, was an original screenplay. But that said, I don't think there's any question that the overwhelming majority of the original screenplays you read are more plot-driven than character-- driven. The gimmick. The Big Idea. That kind of thing.

Donald D: Have you encountered any unexpected problems in adapting novels?

Lasse: There are always challenges. On the one hand, you want to remain true to your source, or what's the point of having the book to begin with. On the other hand, you're working in motion pictures, an entirely different medium than that envisioned by the novelist. You're always making choices, and sometimes that means characters are not always going to have the same space on the screen as they had on the page

Donald D: One character that struck me in that way was the mother of the boy in Chocolat, the one played by Carrie Ann Moss. She seemed to have so many layers to her in all her different relationships-but more suggested than shown, as though a lot of her character was left on the editing room floor.

Lasse: Well, you're always going to have that problem with a multicharacter story like Chocolat. But I was satisfied that all the characters were represented proportionally on the screen the way they had been portrayed in the book. The biggest change we made was in making that back story about chocolate's relationship with witchcraft so central.

Donald D: You seem to attract an awful lot of people bent on finding a common denominator in all your projects. Even your wife Lena has been quoted as saying that they have all shared a theme of yearning.

Lasse: [laughs] Is that what she said?

Donald D: Do you ever worry about there being some continuous line in what you're doing? Are you even aware of any specific preoccupation?

Lasse: Only to the degree that we've already said. First of all, that the material be a comedy. I'm not the one you want for a cowboy or war film. Then, it has to be character-driven comedy, based on observation. What's funny about rational human behavior.

Donald D: And you don't see yourself doing anything else.

Lasse: Well, as a matter of fact, I've begun to notice in the last couple of my films that I've picked up a tendency to do broader comedy. It was there in Chocolat and even more in The Shipping News. I'm not completely sure where it came from, but there's no question it's there

Donald D: Like Alfred Molina going through the window near the end of Chocolat?

Lasse: Exactly. A pratfall you might have found in an old Chaplin film.

Donald D: Do you think you’d like to aim for that more often?

Lasse: No, not aim for. I’d still shy away from that, as I always have. But there’s no question it’s beginning to pop up recently without me being completely ready for it. Maybe the best comparison is a Woody Allen film where you have all this laid back comedy and suddenly, in the middle of everything, there are these seconds of him clouting this person off a parapet or damaging a car by helping some driver back into a parking place. Like blackout skits; they’re over before you realize they’ve begun.

Donald D: You don’t sound completely at ease with this development.

Lasse: No, I suppose I'm not. You like to know where your inspiration is coming from. And sometimes I think this broadness may be some influence I've picked up unconsciously from television sitcoms. There are better places to pick up influences. Let's just say I'm still suspicious of it.

Donald D: There seems to have been a rather long incubation period for most of your projects.

Lasse: That was certainly true of The Shipping News. It was around for years before it came to me. FIrst John Travolta was supposed to do it. Then there was [Billy Bob] Thornton, who was going to direct it or star in it or do both, I don't remember. Spacey himself had been campaigning for years to play the protagonist. Cider House took even longer to get going. I myself turned it down eight or nine years before I agreed to do it.

Donald D: Why’d you turn it down originally?

Lasse: There was nothing remotely epic about it. It didn't really have even the love story. The draft I saw was all choppy. Then when I saw another version years later, I was taken by the meandering way it had about dealing with the characters. I thought it was very faithful to the John Irving novel.

Donald D: You’ve directed quite an array of actors. Some are the kind who seem to sink into a role and simply radiate it…

Lasse: Yes, like Michael Caine.

Donald D: And others, while equally deserving to be called ‘professionals,’ seem a lot more glib about what they’re doing. They remain on the outside…

Lasse: [laughs] No names, please.

Donald D: No names. But how do you deal with a cast that’s a little bit of the first kind and a little bit of the second kind?

Lasse: The camera has to tell you how to deal with it. All actors are equal before the lens. Myself, despite any kind of stylization that may have crept into my work, especially in the last couple of years, I have always preferred the actor who works from the inside to the one who works from the outside, becomes something of a commentator on his own role. Even as a director it can be exciting to watch some of these internal actors use whatever comes to hand, whatever catches their eye. Duvall in Something to Talk About, for instance, he used absolutely everything on the set to do a scene.

Donald D: There’s a line in Chocolat about “knowing one’s place in the scheme of things.” Does Lasse Hallström know his place in the scheme of things right now?

Lasse: God, no. I can't even make up my mind about what country to live in. Lena and the children and I moved to New York with the intention of staying here for two years, then going back to Sweden. That was more than four years ago. Now I think we're finally ready to go back. For our 15-year-old son it's going to pose some problems, but he says it's okay. Our six-year-old daughter, maybe it's the best time because she hasn't really gotten caught up completely with school friends and everything yet. To tell you the truth, I'm in total confusion about my place in the scheme of things [laughs].

Donald D: Professionally, too?

Lasse: Well, there was a project that seemed like it was going to happen, but now that too has been postponed for at least a year. So I’ll be spending the spring in Canada shooting An Unfinished Life.

Donald D: Another comedy?

Lasse: Not really. It’s a family drama about an unhappy woman who moves in with her estranged father-in-law to take care of her daughter. Jennifer Lopez will be playing the woman.

Donald D: It doesn’t sound very “Hallström.”

Lasse: No, maybe not. It’s even based on an original screenplay by Virginia and Mark Spragg. But The Shipping News was hardly a comedy, either. The essential thing is that they are character-driven stories. Once you have human beings, you can find comedy in the oddest places!

Donald D: And if you went back to Sweden...

Lasse: Ideally, that would be our home from where I would venture back to the States or wherever to work. Even better would be more pictures of the Chocolat kind-that I could shoot in Europe and not be so far away from home for extended periods. We shall see.


Copyright American Scandinavian Foundation Winter 2002.
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved.